DOI：10.6763/IJTCMA
1.
- A Study on Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils fromTraditional Chinese Medicine
- 作者： 王全祿*Wang , Chuan-Lu 呂俞慧Lu, Yu-Hui 劉玉雯Liu, Yu-Wen
芳香植物的治療用途似乎和人類文明本身一樣古老。近年來，人們越來越感興趣地從各種來源研究和開發新的抗菌劑，以對抗微生物耐藥性。目前中草藥的開發應用亦甚為普遍，廣泛被用於預防和治療人類疾病。然而中草藥精油的研究數量比西方植物精油為少，其功效尚未充分被研究。黃芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)、香薷（Herba Moslae）及荊芥(Schizonepeta tenuifoliaBriq.)為三種廣泛使用的中草藥。本研究主要以黃芩、香薷及荊芥等三種中草藥精油，針對綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa TKU015)、大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli ATCC25922)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538)及枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis TKU007)四種菌，進行抑菌試驗。實驗結果顯示，在抗菌方面，由紙錠擴散法結果得知，黃芩、香薷及荊芥三種中草藥精油對於綠膿桿菌及枯草桿菌皆有顯著之抑菌效果，並優於抗生素對照組。另黃芩對於大腸桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌亦有抑菌效果；香薷及荊芥對於大腸桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌則無抑菌效果。綜合以上結果，本研究在抑菌實驗中，獲得正面的結果，證實中草藥精油於抑菌活性上確有其功效。
關鍵詞：中草藥、精油、抗菌
Abstract:
The therapeutic use of aromatic plants seems to be as old as human civilization itself. In recentyears there has been a growing interest in researching and developing new antimicrobial agents fromvarious sources to combat microbial resistance. Essential oils extracted from plants can be used asimportant products in perfume, flavoring, cosmetics and other industries.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat human diseases.However, the number of studies on TCM essential oils is less than that of western plant essential oils,and its efficacy has not been fully studied. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi、Herba Moslae andSchizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. have been widely used in TCM. In this study, three kinds of TCMessential oils, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi、Herba Moslae and Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., wereused to conduct antibacterial experiments against Pseudomonas aeruginosa TKU015, Escherichiacoli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Bacillus subtilis TKU007.Our results showed that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 、Herba Moslae and Schizonepetatenuifolia Briq. Exhibited a good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp. TKU015 and B.subtilis TKU007 with the disc-diffusion assay. And better than the antibiotic control group. In addition,Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi also has antibacterial effect on E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus ATCC6538; Herba moslae and Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. have no antibacterial effect on E. coliATCC25922, S. aureus ATCC 6538.Based on the above results, this study has obtained positive results in the antibacterial experiment,confirming that the TCM essential oils do have their antibacterial activity.
DOI 10.6763/IJTCMA.202011_4(2).0001
2.個人清潔在現代人的生活需求中是基本的面向，不論是對於手部、身體與頭髮等等部位的清潔都可以容易地找到清潔用品來加以應用，然而，現代人對於清潔的想法不再只是滿意於能夠除去污垢而已，更有在乾淨之餘想要達到芳香、養生與不傷害皮膚的層次，所以當消費者面對琳瑯滿目的化學加工清潔用品的時候，也開始想要追求更為天然與功效更高的清潔產品，於是手工皂的商機亦油然而生，同時各種手工皂品牌的競爭也亦發激烈。本研究主要探討市面上各國知名品牌手工皂之顧客態度，瞭解其品牌知覺價值、顧客滿意度、消費慣性與再購意願之關聯性，以問卷調查法蒐集資料，再以統計分析技術評估各項工具之信、效度，最後以結構方程模式與多元迴歸分析檢驗研究假設。本研究結果可以提供手工皂業者在關注產品研發與品質之外，更加注重品牌效益對於顧客的影響，作為後續品牌策略之參考方針。
關鍵詞：手工皂、品牌知覺價值、顧客滿意度、消費慣性、再購意願
Personal cleaning is a fundamental part of modern people's lives, whether it's for hands, body,hair, etc., it's easy to find cleaning products that can be applied. In the process of cleaning products,there is a growing desire for more natural and effective cleaning products, which has led to businessopportunities and fierce competition among various soap brands. This study investigates the customerattitudes of various brands of soaps in the market to understand the correlation between brandperceived value, customer satisfaction, consumer inertia, and the willingness to repurchase. Theresults of this study can provide a reference for the soap industry to focus more on the impact of brandeffectiveness on customers, in addition to product development and quality, for subsequent brandingstrategies.
DOI 10.6763/IJTCMA.202011_4(2).0002
多年來富含抗氧化的多酚類物質，一直被提倡用於緩解尿道感染（urinary tract infection,UTI）所使用的食品，因其是非抗生素預防性選擇之一的品項，多為社會大眾所鍾愛。研究發現女性在其一生中有50％的UTI 風險，甚至有高達20-30％經歷了隨後的UTI 復發現象。因此，本研究的目的是以綠茶提取物進行緩解泌尿道發炎因子之研究，以藉由抑制一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)、介白素6 (cytokine interleukin 6; IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor;TNF-α)，提出對三種抗發炎之研究，以減輕泌尿道感染的風險，並為這些疾病的醫療保健提供了建議。結果表明，綠茶提取物顯著抑制由細菌脂多醣（LPS）刺激的炎症性NO 反應。在低劑量（在細胞培養基中為2.5％），中等劑量（在細胞培養基中為5％）和高劑量（在細胞培養基中為10％）導致NO 誘導的抑制作用分別為5.5％，16.8％和27.6％。綠茶提取物顯著抑制細菌性脂多醣刺激炎症性IL-6 反應。在低劑量（在細胞培養基中為2.5％），中等劑量（在細胞培養基中為5％）和高劑量（在細胞培養基中為10％）導致IL-6 誘導的抑制作用分別為28.7％，42.3％和50.3％。然而，在同一時間沒有對TNF-α的產生抑制反應。同時，這些綠茶提取物在測試的細胞中不具細胞毒性。雖然如此，綠茶提取物雖然具有抗發炎作用。但是，沒有直接證據證明，具有可以減輕尿道炎症的試驗結果。因此，以本次的細胞試驗結果，提供給相關的專家學者，再進行直接證據研究的參考。這是值得在以後進一步的研究和討論，同時還需要通過更多的臨床試驗和更多更高質量的研究。
關鍵字：綠茶提取物、茶多酚、泌尿道感染、抗發炎
For many years, polyphenols are rich in antioxidant substances and has been promoted as a typeof food which has been used to alleviate urinary tract infection (UTI). Since it has been considered asone of the non-antibiotic preventive choices, and be mostly used by the public. Studies have foundthat women have a 50% UTI risk in their lifetime, and even up to 20-30% experience subsequent UTIrecurrence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use green tea extract to inhibit nitric oxide (NO),cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (tumor necrosis factor ; TNF-α), researchon alleviating urinary tract inflammation factors, and conduct research on alleviating inflammationfactors in the urinary tract. The results have shown that the green tea extracts can significantly inhibitthe inflammatory NO response which has been stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thelow dose (2.5% in cell culture medium), medium dose (5% in cell culture medium), and high dose(10% in cell culture solution) would often result in NO inducted inhibition of 5.5%, 16.8%, and 27.6%respectively. The extract of Green Tea can significantly inhibit the inflammatory IL-6 response whichis stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The low dose (2.5% in cell culture medium), mediumdose (5% in cell culture medium), and high dose (10% in cell culture solution) would result in IL-6inducted inhibition of 28.7%, 42.3%, and 50.3%, respectively. Yet, there was no inhibitory responseto TNF-α within the same time. These extractions of Green Tea do not contain cytotoxicity within thetested cells. Nevertheless, Green tea extract has anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is no directevidence to prove the test results that can reduce inflammation of the urethra. Therefore, the resultsof this cell test could provide to relevant experts and scholars for reference for direct evidence research.This is worthy of further research and discussion in the future. At the same time, more clinical trialsand higher-quality research are needed.
Keywords: green tea extract, tea polyphenols, urinary tract infection, anti-inflammatory
DOI 10.6763/IJTCMA.202011_4(2).0003
楊寄明*Yang, Ge-Ming 黃怡仁Huang, I-Jen 呂思潔Leu, Sy-Jye
中文摘要:
本研究主要開發洋桔梗萃取物之護膚用途。研究結果顯示，不同品系、不同部位之洋桔梗醇萃取物及水萃取物， 皆可提供清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（ 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基、抑制基質金屬蛋白酶（matr ixmetalloproteinases，MMPs） 活性、及／ 或抑制彈性蛋白酶（ elastase） 活性之功效。
關鍵詞：洋桔梗、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼、基質金屬蛋白酶、彈性蛋白酶
This aim of this study is to investigate the use of Eustoma grandiflorum extract for caring theskin, The results indicate that all alcohol extracts and water extracts of different strains and differentparts of Eustoma grandiflorum are effective in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)free radicals, inhibiting the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibiting the activityof elastase.
Keywords: Eustoma grandiflorum, DPPH, MMPs, Elastase
DOI 10.6763/IJTCMA.202011_4(2).0004
台灣中小型企業的東協市場進入策略之探討- 以Y 美妝公司為例
作者: 于 琪Yu , Chi 吳錫惠Wu, Shyi-Huey 陳俊瑜Chen, Chun-Yu
台灣是典型的海島型經濟體，內需市場小，出口貿易交易模式是重要的對外商業活動。台灣美妝中小企業面對國內市場競爭，及國際大小品牌夾擊之下，必須盡快加速尋求國際化。台灣非東協之一，且中、日、韓大廠早已佈局東協是我們的劣勢與威脅。然而，台灣擁有優於歐美日韓的相對地理位置，台灣美妝產業市場的完整結構，中小企業在面對東協市場不同文化的需求，具備快速應變的能力，是我們的優勢與機會。本研究以美容產業為分析對象，即藉由PESTEL 及波特五力來分析外部的機會與威脅；內部運用Mckincey 7S 分析個案Y 公司；依據SWOT 分析來探討可能的TOWS 策略；再以Hollensen 的五階段決策模式的前三階段，來探討台灣美妝中小企業Y 公司的新南向、新市場的可行策略，加速台灣具備全球化的競爭力！
關鍵字：東協美妝市場、PESTEL、SWOT-TOWS 矩陣、國際市場進入策略
Taiwan is a typical island economic system and has a relatively narrow domestic demand market,so exports have been crucial foreign trading activities to the country. Those small and mediumenterprises would have to enforce their awareness to globalization in order to survive in a competitiveenvironment while the domestic market being narrow. Taiwan isn’t one of ASEAN, and for Japan,China, and Korea already having layouts in ASEAN is one of our disadvantages and threats. Yet,having a better relative location comparing to those countries and America, the complete structure ofTaiwan’s beauty industry market, and also for SME’s ability to adapt fast when facing various needsto different cultures in ASEAN market, all of them are advantages and opportunities. This researchtakes the beauty industries as targets, uses PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces to analyze external opportunity and threats; internal analysis uses Mckincey 7S to find out the company’s advantage andopportunity and threats; internal analysis uses Mckincey 7S to find out the company’s advantage anddisadvantage; based on SWOT to analyze the possibility of TOWS strategy; then, it uses the first threestages of Hollensen’s five stages of strategic decision, in order to examine the feasible strategy forthe individual case of company Y going into the new market and South East Asia, and strengthenTaiwan’s ability to have global competitiveness!
Keywords：ASEAN cosmetic market, PESTEL,SWOT-TOWS matrix,Strategy for entering theglobal market
DOI 10.6763/IJTCMA.202011_4(2).0005
ISSN：25226592 DOI：10.6763/IJTCMA
第四卷第二期 Vol. 4-2
薛博瑜 (中) 杜芝芝 (中) 陳聯勝 (中) 馬曉彤 (中) 鄭東海 (中)
專技審查: 熊 蕊(中) 張秀麗(中) 陳朝暉(中)
委 員: 詹慧珊 黃敏菁 陳姿吟
法律顧問: 英典聯合法律事務所 曾信嘉 律師 / 所長
出版日期: 2020 年11 月（半年刊，每年5 月、11 月出刊）
